Carbureter.



H. A. MILLER & F. M. ADAMSUN.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18. 1916.

Patented July 16, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l Law H. A MILLER & F. M. ADAMSON.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 18. I9|6..

Patented-July 16, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

HARRY A. MILLER ANDFRANK M. ADAMSON, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

CABJBURETEE.

Application filed September 18, 1916. Serial No. 120,672.'

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HARRY A. MILLER and FRANmM. ADAMsoN, both citizens of the United States, residing atLos Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Carburetor, of which the following-is a specification.

This invention relates in some particulars to carbureters of the character provided with a plurality of fuel nozzles adapted to be uncovered successively in accordance with the increase of engine speed and provided with an air valve adapted to be opened by suction of the engine to a degree proportionate to the amount of suction.

An object of the invention is to produce a device of this character that will operate with a maximum degree of efficiency.

Another object-is to produce a device of this character that is dependable in service.

Another object is to make provision for maximum flexibility under varying engine suctions so that the carbureter will be very sensitive to throttle adjustments in order that the air and fuel will be supplied in just the correct proportions for various engine speeds and in order that the engine may be quickly accelerated without choking thereof.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the su'bjoined' detail description.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention: Y v I Figure 1 is an elevation partly in vertical mid section of a carbureter built in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan section on irregular line indicated by w v Fig. 1, the

greater portion of the float valve chamber I being broken away to contract the view.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan section on Line indicated by m a2 Fig. 1. I

Fig. 4 is a plansection on irregular line indicated by an -w, Fig. 1, a portlon of the airinlet member being broken away to contract the view.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the spraying or atomizing device shown in the preceding figures.-

.Fig. 6 is an inverted plan view of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the air valve, plunger and plunger stem.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the packin ring. Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the upperportion of the plunger'stem v and main nozzle and of parts immediately adjacent thereto.

Fig. 10 is a developed view of the auxil. iary nozzles to illustrate the arrangement of their outlets;

Fig. 1-1 is a sectional elevation illustrating .a modified form of theair valve, plunger, cylinder and main nozzle.

First referring more particularly to Figs.

1 to 10 inclusive, there is provided a cylindrical or other suitably shaped mixing cham- -ber 1 having pivoted at 2 in its outlet 3 a throttle valve 4 operated by 'a suitable arm 5. The lower end of the mixingcham- 'ber -1 is provided with a acking ring 6 surrounding and closely fittlng a reciprocative tubular air valve 7 having an annular shoulder 8 adapted to seat against the ring 6 when said valve is in its lowermost'or closed position. The ring 6 seatsagainst an annular shoulder 9 of the mixing cham- I ber-l andis mounted tightly on a fuel'spraying or atomizing device indicated in general by the character 10, said device comprising spaced apart legs forming nozzles 11, and the interleg spaces forming air ports 12 so that the nozzles and air port s'are alterna- I tively arranged ina circle. The nozzle outlets are indicated at 13 and are located 1n the inner faces of the legs or auxiliary noz zles 11 "so that, as is clear, there is a nozzle outlet between eachtwo adjacent air ports 12 and an air port between each two adjacent nozzle outlets. The nozzle outlets 13 are at different levels so that they will be covered and uncovered progressively by the air valve as it moves inward and outward respectively, and'preferably the nozzle 'outlets of adjacent levels are either at opposite sides of the spraying device or are spaced peripherally at least .degrees apart as shown diagrammatically in Fig, '10 of the drawings. The spraying device 10 also comprises a cylinder 14 which may, if desired, be formed integral with the nozzles 11, the upper portions of the cylinder wall being provlded with grooves 15 communicating with and forming d wnward extensions of j upper end of a hollow stem'18 having a shoulder 19 fitting against the lower end of said hub, there being a flanged bushing 20 fitting into the upper end of the stem 18 and said bushing being provided with air ducts 21 commumcating with the interior of the stem.

Inserted through the bushing 20 is a main nozzle 22 having a flange or head 23 fitting against the outer end of the bushing 20, the nozzle 22 being of smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the stem 18 so as to leave an annular air space a between the nozzle and stem. Said annular space a communicates with the mixing chamber 1 through the air ducts 21. The stem 18 is provided at its inner end with a plunger 24 fitting in the cylinder 14, and the nozzle 22 is screw-threaded atits inner end into the plunger 24, the bore of the nozzle communicating with a fuel duct 25 extending axially of the plunger.

The plunger 24 is provided with a valve chamber 26 which communicates through a port 27 with the duct 25, there being a port 28 opening from said valve chamber to the exterior o'f-a reduced portion 29 of the plunger so that the valve chamber has communication through the port 28 with the intermediate portion of the cylinder 14.

The valve chamber 26 is provided with a ball valve 30 adapted to close on aseat 31 to control a port, 32 that opens from the lower face of the plunger into the valve chamber, thus giving the valve chamber communication with the lower portion of the cylinder when the valve 30 is open. The valve 30 acts as a check valve, allowing any fluid to pass readily out of the cylinder 14 into, the valve chamber, but preventing fluid flowing freely from the valve chamber into the lower end of the cylinder. I

The stem 18 is provided with a port 33 opening into the cylinder 14 above the plunger 24. The bores b of the nozzles 11 extend to an annular shoulder34 of the cylinder 14, said shoulder seating against an upwardly expanded reservoir 35 and said nozzle bores communicating with the interior of said reservoir. The cylinder 14 is provided with a port or ports 36 through which the intermediate portion of the cylinder'communicates with the reservoir I From the foregoing it is clear that the cylinder 14, plunger 24 and stem 18 together form a dash pot to steady and somewhat retard the action of the air valve 7 and it is clear that when the air valve moves upward, the partial vacuum tending to be created beneath the plunger 24 bysuction of the engineto which the device is attached .is only relieved by liquid fuel leaking past the plunger into the lower end of the cylinder, and the leakage being slight it is obvious that the air valve will not open to its full extent immediately, even when the throttle valve 4 is suddenly operated from closed position to wide open position. Thus the construction is such that opening of the air valve under the maximum engine suction will be at a rate of speed commensurate with the rate of increase of the engine speed so that the engine .will not be choked by an excess of fuel. This is quite important, for the pick up of the engine will be quick and yet no exercise of care is necessary in opening the throttle valve. It is also clear that when the throttle valve 4'is operated to diminish the suction effect the plunger 24 will drop very quickly to its lowermost position,

thereby closing the air valve, because the liquid fuel that has leaked into the lower end of the cylinder can readily escape through the port 32 into the valve chamber 26, and thence through the ports 27, 28 into the duct 25 and that portion of the cylinder adjacent the reduced portion 29 of the plunger. s

Liquid fuel is introduced into the reservoir 35 through a fuel inlet 37 which communicates with a suitable source of supply,

there being shown for'this purpose 1n the drawings a float valve-chamber 38 of any suitable construction, said float valve chamber and its parts not being described in detail herein as they form no part of this present invention.

The lower end of the cylinder 14 passes through the bottom of the reservoir 35 and is provided with screw-threads 39 to receive a screw-threaded cap 40 which may be tightened up against the bottom of the reservoir so as to produce a tight joint between the shoulder 34 and the rim of the reservoir.

Surrounding the-fuel spraying device 10 and reservoir 35 is an annular air chamber formed, in this instance, in two sections, the upper section 41, in the instance shown in the drawings, being integral with the mixing chamber 1 and expanding downward from the packing ring 6, and the lower section 42, in this instance, being formed integral with the reservoir 35.

The fuel inlet 37 extends through one of a number of radial ribs 43 connecting the reservoir 35 to the lower section 42 of the air chamber; and extending upward from-two of said ribs are rods 44 which project.- through holes 45 in bosses 46 formed on the outside of the upper section 41 of the air chamber, there being nuts 47 screw-threaded onto the projecting ends of said rods so as to make a tight joint between the upper and lower sections 41, 42. I

The lower end of the lower section. 42 of the air chamber communicates with and fits into an air inlet member 48 adapted to have its intake 49 connected to any suitable source, not shown, of hot air supply. The cap 40 is provided with a stud 50 which projects through a hole 51 in the bottom of the inlet member 48, there being a nut 52 on the outer projecting end of the stud so that when said nut is screwed up tight the lower section 42 of the air chamber and the air inlet member 48 will be tightly held together.

The air inlet member 48 is provided in its bottom with a port 53 controlled by a valve 54 which is pivoted at 55 to said inlet member, there being an arm 56 fastened to said pivot, whereby to operate the valve 54. This valve 54 is adapted to be swung either inward as indicated in broken lines 0, Fig.

1, or outward as indicated in broken lines l or to an intermediate position shown in full lines in said figure. When said valve 54 is swung inward it throttles the hot air being supplied to thedevice and when swung outward allows unheated air to pass directly from the atmosphere into the device to temper the primary hot air supply.

In practice, assuming that the mixture outlet 3 is connected to the intake of an en. gine, that the hot air inlet 49 is connected to a suitable source of hot air supply in a manner well understood in the art, that the float valve chamber 38 is connected with a suitable source of liquid fuel supply, and that the throttle valve is nearly closed, the engine will be cranked in a well known manner to produce suction therein, thus producing a relatively low degree of partial vacuum in the mixing chamber 1, in the annular space a and in the upper end of the cylinder 14. However, the. suction is not sutlicient to raise the plunger 24 and consequently very little air will be admitted to the mixing chamber and what air is admitted passes under the bottom rim of the air valve 7 through the grooves 15. The suction on the upper end of the main nozzle 22 causes the liquid fuel to be sprayed therefrom into the interior of the air valve 7 so as to produce with the admitted air a comparatively rich explosive mixture whlch 1s sucked into the engine and is fired in a manner well understood in the art to cause continued operation of said engine.

\Vhen greater speed or power of the engine .is desired. the throttle valve 4 will be opened to a greater degree and the increased suction produced in the mixing chamber. annular space a and in the upper end of the cylinder 14 will cause the plunger 24 to lift a distance proportionate to the degree of suction in the mixing chamber. Lifting of the plunger 24 raises the air valve 7 an equal distance so as to first uncover the lowermost auxiliary nozzle outlet and then to successively uncover nozzle outlets at other le"els, the number of said outlets uncovered d. pending upon the distance which the air valve 7 is raised.

Raising of the air valve 7 also opens the air ports 12so as to admit air in volumes proportionate to the volumes of fuel flowing from the auxiliary nozzle outlets. If the throttle valve 4 should be swung instantly from closed position to practically wide open position, the plunger 24 would be subjected to the full engine suction, but the plunger would not rise-instantly to its uppermost position because of the tendency to the production of a partial vacuum in the lower end of the cylinder, thus causing re- .tardation in the upward movement of the plunger. Thus, it is clear, that the carbureter will automatically adjust itself to different engine speeds even though the throttle-valve 4 should be operated in an unskilled manner,

When it is desired to slow down the engine, the throttle valve will be operated to diminish the suction effect in the mixing chamber, and gravity will then act to quickly lower the plunger 24 and air valve 7 the lowering of said plunger and air valve beingmuch quicker than the lifting thereof because whatever fluid has leaked past the plunger into the lower .end of the cylinder will find ready exit through the port 32 into the valve chamber 26 and from thence into the ports 27,28, duct 25 and intermediate portion of the cylinder adjacent the reduced portion 29 of the plunger, and because the partial vacuum tending to be produced in the upper end of the cylinder will be prevented by reason of air passing through the air ducts 21 and space a into said upper end of the cylinder. The descending air valve diminishes the quantity'of fuel and air and consequently the speed of the engine will diminish. I

In the modification shown in Fig. 11, the air valve and its radial arms, the reservoir 35 and the cap 40 are of the same construction' as described above in connection with Figs. 1 to 10 and are designated by the same re erence characters, and the features differentiating from the construction shown in said figures will now be described.

The arms 16 radiate from a boss or hub 57 at the axis of the valve and said hub is fastened by a screw 58 or equivalent to a plunger stem 59 which is provided at its lower end with a plunger 60 working in a cylinder 61, said stem passing through the upper end of the cylinder. The cylinder 61 is provided with a fuel inlet port 62 communic'ating with the reservoir. 35 and the upper end of the cylinder is provided with a main nozzle 63 which communicates with the interior of the cylinder and has its outlet terminating at the upper end of the cylinder, said nozzle being to one side of the axis of the cylinder. Thus said nozzle is stationary and does not move with the plunger 60 as does the nozzle 22 herein before described. The plunger is provided with a 1 valve chamber, valve ball and ports similar The modification, as is obvious, is somewhat to those above described in connection with Figs. 1 to 10 and are designated by the same reference characters as in said figures, the

only difference being that the valve chamber and its parts in this instance are located axially of the plunger instead of to one side of said axis as in Fig. 1.

The operation of the modification shown in Fig. 11 will be readily understood from the herein before described operation of the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 10.

simpler and less expensive to make than the form shown in Fig.1 and-it is still less liable to cause trouble than the form shown in Fig.

1 because the stem 59 and plunger 60 may be made a comparatively loose fit in the cylin-' der so that any sediment or foreign partides in the liquid .fuel will not be liable to causesticking of the stem and plunger in thecylinder.

.We claim:

1. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber having an 'air port, a main fuel nozzle projecting into the mixing chamber, auxiliary fuel nozzles, an. air valve to simul taneously control the air port and auxiliary lets being on the inner faces of the nozzles. and a tubular air valve fitting the inner nozzle outlets, and means to retard the openlng movement of the air valve, said valve retarding means being inoperative to retardthe closing movement of said air valve.

2. A carbureter comprising a spraying device having nozzles arranged in a circle with air ports therebetween, the nozzle outarranged in a circle around said nozzle,-

other nozzles having outlets at different levels circumferentially of the cylindrical member, and a tubular air valve to control the air ports.

5. A carbureter comprising a mixing ga /aces chamber, a nozzle projecting into said chamber, a cylindrical member having air ports arranged in a circle around said nozzle, other nozzles having outlets at difi'erent levels circumferentially of the cylindrical member, and a reciprocative tubular air valve to control the air ports.

6. A carbureter comprising means form- .ing an air port, a nozzle to spray fuel adingfrom the valve chamber to the lower face of the plunger, means to furnish fuel to the cylinder port, and av valve controlling the port which opens from the valve chamber to the lower face of the plunger.

7. A carbureter comprising means form- .ing an air port, an air valve to control the air port, a cylinder having a port, a plunger working vertically in the cylinder and connected with the air valve and having a valve chamber and having a port opening from the valve chamber above the lower end of the plunger and having a second port opening from the valve chamber to the lower face of the plunger and having a longitudinal'd'uct and having a third port opening from the valve chamber to the longitudinal duct, a'nozzle communicating with the lon-' gitudinal duct, means to furnish fuel to the cylinder port, and a valve controlling the third named port.

8. A carbureter comprising a spraylng device having spaced legs, the spaces between adjacent legs forming air ports and there being nozzle bores in the legs having outlets, and an .air valve shiftable along the legs adjacent thereto to control the nozzle outlets and air ports.

9. A carburetor comprising a" mixing chamber, an air chamber comprising upper and lower sections, the'upper section being integral with the mixing chamber, a reservoir formed integral with the lower section of the air chamber, means detachably fastening the two sections together, a cylinder having a shoulder resting on the rimpf the reservoir and I said cylinder pro yectmg through the bottom of the reservoir, a cap screw-threaded on the projecting end of the cylinder and engaging the bottom oi?- the reservoir, means integral with the cylinder forming an air port between the air chamber and mixing chamber, an em valve to control the air port, a nozzle to spray fuel into the mixing chamber, and a plunger in the cylinder connected with the air valve.

10. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, an air chamber comprising upper and lower sections, the upper section being der forming an air port between the air integral with the mixing chamber, a reservoir formed integral with the lower section of the air chamber, means detachably fastening the two sections together, a ,cylinder having a shoulder resting on therim of the reservoir and said cylinder projecting through the bottom of the reservoir, a cap screw-threaded on the projecting end of the cylinder and engaging the bottom of the reservoir, means-integral with the cylinchamber and. mixing chamber and forming a nozzle, an air valve to control the air port, and a plunger in the cylinder connected with the air valve. I

11. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, an air chamber comprising upper and lower sections, the upper section being integral with the mixing chamber, a reservoir formed integral with the lower section of the air chamber, means detachably fastening the two sections together, a cylinder having a shoulder resting on the rim of the reservoir and projectingthrough the bottom of the reservoir, a cap screw-threaded on the projecting end of the cylinder and engaging the bottom of the reservoir, means intgral with the cylinder forming an air port be tween the air chamber and mixing chamber, an air valve to control the air port, a nozzle to spray fuel into the mixing chamber, a plunger in the cylinder connected with the air valve, an air inlet member communicat-' mg with the air chamber, and. means connecting the cap to the air inlet member to hold said inlet member in'place.

12. Acarbureter comprising a spraying device having nozzles spaced apart from one another in a circle to form air ports therebetween and having grooves communicating with the air ports, amixing chamber adjacent thesspraying device, and a tubular air valve to control the air ports, said grooves being of suflicient depth to extend beneath the rim of the air valve when the air ports are closed by said air valve.

13. A carbureter comprising a spraying device having nozzles spaced apart from one another in a circle to form air ports therebetween and having grooves communicating with the air ports, the outlets of the nozzles being at different planes longitudinally of the spraying device, a mixing chamber opening from the spraying device, and a tubular air valve to control the air ports, said grooves communicating with the inside of the air valve beneath the rim thereof when the air ports are closed by said air valve.

14. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, a spraying device adjacent the mixing chamber havingnozzle outlets at dif: ferent levels in a circle pointing inward and having air ports. between adjacent nozzle outlets, and a reciprocative valve to cover and uncover said nozzle outlets progressively as the valve is moved respectively to and fro axially of said spraying device.

15. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, a cylindrical spraying'device having circumferentially arranged air ports, the inter-air port portions of the spraying device forming nozzles, and a cylindrical air valve, shiftably engaging the spraying device and adapted to fit over the air ports and nozzle openings.

16. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, a spraying device adjacent the mixing chamber having nozzle outlets at difierent levels in a circle pointing inward and having-an air port, at the level of the nozzle outlets, and-a reciprocative valve to cover and uncover said nozzle outlets progressively and to close and open the air port as the valve is moved respectively to and fro axially of said spraying device.

17. A carbureter comprising a spraying device having spaced circularly arranged legs the spaces between adjacent legs forming air ports and there being nozzle bores in the legs having outlets, and a. tubular air valve slidable lengthwise of the legs adjacent thereto to control the nozzle outlets and air ports.

18. device having spaced circularly arranged legs, the spaces between adjacent legs forming air ports and there being nozzle bores in the legs having outlets at different levels, and a tubular air valve slidable lengthwise of the legs adjacent thereto to control the nozzle outlets and air ports. I

19. A carbureter comprising a spraying device having spaced legs, the spaces between adjacent legs forming air ports and there being nozzle bores in the legs having outlets at different levels, and an air valve shiftablelengthwise along the legs adjacent thereto to control the nozzle outlets and air ports.

Signed at Los Angeles, California, this 31st day of Au ust, 1916.

ARRY A. LHLLER. FRANK ADAMSON. Witnesses:

GEORGE H. HILES, A. F. SCHMDTBAU'ER. 

